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The Piano Concerto No. Beethoven composed the concerto in under salary in Vienna, and he dedicated it to Archduke Rudolf , who was his patron, friend, and pupil. Beethoven, usually the soloist, could not perform due to declining hearing. The work's military aspects and symbolism characterize its heroic style. Beethoven used novel approaches with the piece, such as beginning the solo entrance without orchestral introduction, lengthening the concerto, and creating a new relationship between piano and orchestra.

The first of its three movements , Allegro, is in sonata form and is longer than any opening movement of Beethoven's earlier piano concertos. The second movement, Adagio un poco mosso, is a nocturne that directly builds into the third movement.

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The last movement, Rondo: Allegro ma non troppo, is in seven-part rondo form. The concerto is approximately forty minutes. The origin of the epithet Emperor is uncertain; it may have been coined by Johann Baptist Cramer , the English publisher of the concerto. The concerto has no association with any emperor, and according to Donald Tovey and Betsy Schwarm, Beethoven would have disliked it due to his disapproval of Napoleon's conquest.

As part of his repertoire, Franz Liszt frequently performed the concerto throughout his life. Since , it has been recorded numerous times by classical pianists. Beethoven's return to Vienna from Heiligenstadt in marked a change in musical style and is now often designated as the start of his middle or "heroic" period characterized by many original works composed on a grand scale.

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To persuade him to stay in Vienna, Archduke Rudolf, Prince Kinsky , and Prince Lobkowitz pledged to pay him a pension of florins a year. To benefit from the agreement, Beethoven had to obtain recourse from the law, which in brought him some payment. Beethoven felt the Napoleonic Wars reaching Vienna in early and completed writing the piano concerto in April while Vienna was under siege by Napoleon's armies.