Eudaimonia aristotle

Aristotle psychology definition

The reference to happiness as the ultimate end, and the determination of its nature, cannot be understood independently of the purpose of human activities. Aristotle asserts this from the very beginning of the Nicomachean Ethics 4th century B. Every action, pursuit, art , or choice tends towards an end that justifies them. However, each end may itself only be a means to another, leading us from one end to another without ever reaching a final ultimate goal.

From this perspective, the political project of founding a just and free society appears as the ultimate point towards which every individual existence is oriented. But should we not rather recognize, with realism, that it is happiness that is the ultimate end of humanity?

Aristotle's definition of happiness nicomachean ethics

Every act is directed towards a defined goal that gives it meaning. But if we had to specify the ultimate goal towards which all our actions ultimately tend, we would undoubtedly be justified in saying that it is happiness. This emphasizes that happiness is not a means to another end, but the ultimate goal in itself. Furthermore, happiness is an objective reality.

It is determined by a specific way of life that allows for the development of distinctly human qualities, through which a person realizes their potential. In ancient philosophies, wisdom is presented as an art of living that enables us to achieve happiness. This wisdom is not just theoretical knowledge but a practical guide to living well.

Finally, happiness represents a good that is superior to all others, as it is valuable in itself. Therefore, it constitutes the sovereign good, the ultimate purpose towards which our life is directed.