History of asia book

Nurhaci 14 May — 30 September , also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Qing , was the founding khan of the Jurchen -led Later Jin dynasty.

Brief history of asia

As the leader of the House of Aisin-Gioro , Nurhaci reorganized and united various Jurchen tribes the later " Manchu " , consolidated the Eight Banners military system, and eventually launched attacks on both the Ming and Joseon dynasties. His conquest of Ming dynasty's northeastern Liaodong region laid the groundwork for the Qing conquest of the Ming by his descendants, who proclaimed the Qing dynasty in He is also generally credited with ordering the creation of a new written script for the Manchu language based on the Mongolian vertical script.

Some suggest that the meaning of the name in the Manchu language is "the skin of a wild boar". His name is also alternatively spelled Nurgaci , Nurhachi , or Nu-er-ha-chi the last of these simply the transcription of the Chinese characters used to write his name. Nurhaci was the last chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens and first khan of the Later Jin dynasty.

It means " Heaven's Mandate. Nurhaci was born in Being a member of the Gioro clan of the Suksuhu River tribe, Nurhaci also claimed descent from Mentemu , a Jurchen headman who lived some two centuries earlier. The young man grew up as a soldier in the household of the Ming dynasty general Li Chengliang in Fushun , where he learned Mandarin Chinese , the official language of the courts.

Asian civilization summary

Nurhaci read the Chinese novels Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin learning all he knew about Chinese military and political strategies from them. Nurhaci's grandfather Giocangga was a chieftain of the Jurchens in Hetu Ala who enjoyed the patronage of Li. Giocangga feared for his granddaughter who was married to Atai, the town's chief.

He rushed into the city, taking Nurhaci's father Taksi with him. During the ensuing battle, both Giocangga and Taksi were killed. Nurhaci sought revenge against Nikan Wailan for the deaths of his father and grandfather.